The construction of any house should begin with the construction of the foundation. The strength of the constructed house will depend on the type of foundation chosen.
How to choose the right foundation for a summer residence
Foundations for country houses are divided into the following types:
Prefabricated (tape) or monolithic
Columnar
Columnar with grillage (TISE)
Shallow-depth tape
Classic jellied (cement)
foam block
Columnar from reinforced concrete
Reinforced monolithic-shallow-depth tape
Currently, strip foundations are especially popular. They are installed directly at the construction site of the house.
How to choose the right foundation for a summer residence
And prefabricated foundations are mounted remotely. Installation is made of reinforced concrete blocks – FBS. The prefabricated foundation is more often used in the construction of townhouses or cottages, less often cottages.
The foundation is tape-monolithic
It is very easy and quick to install. After assembly, you can immediately give the load. But it requires some skill and mechanization. Therefore, a specialist should supervise the installation of this foundation. But he also has weaknesses. Its strength indicators are very modest, which reduces all the advantages to almost zero. They are almost 30% lower than those of a monolithic foundation.
In terms of the quality of its rigidity, it also loses to a monolithic one due to seams at the joints and freestanding blocks. It is necessary to use a reinforcing cage additionally and road walls. They are placed at the joints of blocks. And even these devices cannot bring it closer to the level of strength of the monolith.
The foundation is tape-prefabricated
They are assembled from FSB blocks, save up to 25 percent of funds. Such a foundation is perfect for country houses. But it is not suitable for cottages. It is problematic to find a durable and fundamental option at a low cost.
How to choose the right foundation for a summer residence
When choosing a foundation, you need to think not only about the type of your building, but also about some other important factors. For example, the type of soil where the house will be built plays a role. It is necessary to correlate the weight of the house and its bearing capacity.
Sometimes a geodetic survey will also be useful. It will set the ground level. If the result shows a noticeable difference in soil heights, then increase the size of the base after removing the humus layer of the soil. And only then is the installation of a cast-off. The outer boundaries of the future foundation and walls are indicated, as well as the alignment axes.
Such a foundation has a high cost and is difficult to manufacture and install. But in recent years, in demand. It is used in extreme and rather complex cases.
Columnar foundation
Foam blocks are suitable for a small wooden house. They are installed on a pre-leveled surface. And then going to them country house.
The foundation of TISE is widely used in summer cottage construction. This is a cheap and economical option. You can put it on yourself. No special engineering knowledge required. Its feature is the drill, which is the main material for work. With its help, wells for piles are created. This, when the soil freezes, does not allow piles to be pushed out of the wells.
How to choose the right foundation for a summer residence
People who want to build a country house with their own hands are wondering: is it possible to do work on creating a foundation in winter? Practice confirms that it is necessary, first of all, to comply with the construction technology. And the time of year does not affect the strength of the building.
But the winter foundation has a feature. When erecting it, it is necessary to install a blind area. This is a strip about 70cm wide. It should go behind the eaves and have a slope from the walls. So you will ensure the flow of melt water in the opposite direction from the foundation.
If you have to choose a foundation for building a small country house, then the best option is the TISE foundation or foam blocks, or prefabricated tape. This option is budget, and save time.
For brick cottages, choose monolithic deep foundations (from 70 cm). If the situation is difficult, then it is better to use a columnar foundation with a grillage. A slab foundation is also suitable.
